کانی ها (منرالها) رایج

کانی ها (منرالها) رایج

تقریبا 107 عنصر در لابراتوار ها تشخیص شده،‌ ازین تعداد اما فقط ۸ عدد عنصر در ترکیب قسمت بیرونی زمین به فراوانی یافت میشوند. در حقیقت این عناصر ۹۸٪ پوسته قابل دید زمین را میسازند. این ها (به ترتیب فراوانی) داده شده اند.

اکسیجن        -    ۴۷٪‌         کلسیم         ۳.۵٪‌
سلیکان        -    ۲۸٪        سودیم        ۲.۵٪
المونیم        -    ۸٪        پوتاسیم        ۲.۵٪
آهن         -    ۵٪         مگنیزیم        ۲.۰٪
                        مجموعه     ۹۸.۵٪

ترکیبات این هشت منرال با همدیگر رایج ترین منرالهای سنگ ساز که اکثریت سنگ ها را شامل میشود، تولید میکنند. معمول ترین منرالهای سنگ ساز فلدسپار،‌ کوارتز، میکا، امفیبول، پایروکسین و اولوین میباشند.
۹۶ عنصر دیگر نسبتاً کمیاب هستند،‌ و فقط ۱.۵ فیصد وزن پوسته زمین را تشکیل میدهند. مثلاً مس – ۰.۰۰۴۵٪،‌ سرب – ۰.۰۰۰۱۵٪،‌ طلا – ۰.۰۰۰۰۰۰۷٪.
تقریباً ۲۰۰۰ نمونه کانی ها لیست شده اند مگر ۱۰۰ کانی بشمول کانی های خالص،‌ کانی های هایدروکاربن و تعدادی از سنگ های اقتصادی برای ساختمان سازی اهداف اقتصادی واقعی را تشکیل میدهند.
بعضی از کانی های سنگ سار بالایی، منرال های اساسی محسوب میشوند درحالیکه بعضی دیگر کانی های یدکی و دست دوم هستند.
a)    کانی (منرال) های اساسی: اینها اکثریت سنگ ها را میسازند، و همیشه سلیکیت ها میباشند به استثنای کوارتز و کاربونیت ها.
b)    کانی های یدکی: اینها فقط به مقدار کم در سنگ ها وجود دارند.
c)    کانی های دست دوم: اینها مشتقات شکسته شدن دیگر منرال ها هستند.

تقسیمات کانی های اقتصادی:

  • کانی های فلزی: کانی هایی که بار فلزی را دارند.
فلزات قیمتی: طلا، نقره، پلاتینم.
فلزات پایه:‌ مس، سرب،‌ جست،‌ قلعی.
فلزات صنایع فولاد:‌ آهن،‌ نکل،‌ کرومیم،‌ منگنیز، کوبالت، مولبدینم، تنگستن، ونادیم، تالیم، وغیره.
فلزات سبک: الونیم،‌ مگنیزیم،تیتانیم و غیره.
فلزات صنایع برق:‌ کدمیم، بسموت، جرمینیم، سیماب، سلینیم.
فلزات رادیواکتیف: یورانیم،‌رادیم،‌ سیزیم،‌ زرکونیم، توریم،‌بریلیم،‌ عناصر کمیاب زمین، وغیره.
  •  کانی های نافلز:
اشیای مقره:‌ میکا،‌ اسبستوس،‌ سلیمانایت.
اشیای نسوز یا دیر گداز:‌
اشیای ساینده:‌
جواهر سنگ:
  • کانی های سوخت:
سوخت جامد:‌ انتراسیت،‌ ذغال،‌ لیگنایتش، شیل تیل.
سوخت مایع:‌ نفت،‌ تیل،‌ گاز طبیعی.
Minerals


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